Linear and Nonlinear Optical Properties of Mn doped Benzimidazole Thin Films

In the present work, the Mn doped benzimidazole (BMZ) thin films were prepared by simple chemical bath deposition technique. The material was directly deposited as thin film on glass substrates and the metal concentration in the solution was varied in weight percentage in order to investigate the dopant effect on the properties of thin films. Similarly, the Mn doped BMZ films were deposited in different solution temperature to study the effect of deposition temperature on the properties of thin films. The PXRD and FT-IR spectroscopy are used to study the structural and the presence of functional groups in the BMZ medium. Depending upon the solution temperature, thickness of the films varying from 0.6 to 1.2 {\mu}m and the optical transparency of the samples increases with the increasing temperature up to 50 {\deg}C. Second Harmonic Generation (SHG) efficiency of the films is measured for all the films. Third order nonlinear optical properties of the films were analyzed using Z-scan technique. The experimental results show that Mn doped BMZ films exhibits saturation absorption and negative nonlinearity.Comment: This has been presented in DAE 58th Solid State Symposium held at Thapar University, Patiala, Punjab, India. Will be published in AIP conference proceedings soo

Scanning electron microscope studies on the radula teeth of four species of marine gastropods from the Gulf of Mannar, India

In this study scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to elucidate the surface morphology of radula teeth of four species of marine gastropods belonging to muricids and tonnoideans from the Gulf of Mannar. The species studied were Tonna dolium (Linne, 1758), Phalium glaucum (Linne, 1758), Murex virgineus (Roding, 1798) and Rapana rapiformis (Born, 1778). The radulae of muricid gastropods were of stenoglossan type (1+R+1) while the radulae of tonnoidean gastropods were of taenioglossate type (2+1+R+1+2). Very large radula and solid teeth in all four species indicate that they are well adapted to capture of prey and showed characteristic representation of the sharp and pointed apex. The shafts of the teeth of R. rapiformis, T. dolium and M virgeneus are thickened and expanded at the base to form a butt and the basal spur as well as their marginal and central teeth are sickle shaped. Radulae of both groups are well suited for tearing and rasping. The examination of the central tooth, the lateral and marginal ones, by SEM provides further information for species differentiation

Comparative Clinical study on Hypertensive Patient

INTRODUCTION: Hypertension easier silent killer currently affects approximately one billion adult globally. Hypertension is an important risk factor for cardiovascular diseases and stroke and is associated with metabolic systems including insulin resistance and abnormalities. At a defining cutoff 140/90 mmHg, 28-44% of world population has hypertension1. Estimated hypertension is about 25% among urban adult and 10% in the rural areas2. The lifetime risk for developing hypertension is estimated to be up to 90% it is condition the blood pressure is related to an exempt where clinical benefit can be obtained from blood pressure lowering. Components used for determination for systolic and diastolic blood pressure there is no clear cut off point between hypertensive and normotensive subject. ❖ The blood pressure is a product of cardiac output and the total resistance of peripheral vascular resistance system, of the high blood pressure arises as a result of increased resistance of peripheral system due to constriction of small arterioles. Hypertension is a condition the pressure that is put on the walls of the arteries as blood is pumped through the circulatory system. The circulation of blood through the veins and arteries is at certain pressure. In natural limit it is not harmful. But with this pressure increase, heart is over worked and an abnormal interior tissue growth can be developed in arteries. This cause further blocked in passage of blood, leading to increased blood pressure. SCOPE OF THE STUDY: Hypertension is currently affects, approximately one billion adult globally. It is a major risk factor for cardiovascular diseases (CV) and stroke. The high prevalence of hypertension has contributed to the present pandemic of CV disease, which now account for 30% of all deaths worldwide ❖ As the population ages and the prevalence of contributing factors such as obesity, sedentary lifestyle and smoking rise, this figure is projected in increase by 60% to 1.56 billion by the year of 2025. ❖ The risk of hypertension increases with age and is associated with gender and ethnicity. The morbidity and mortality associated with uncontrolled hypertension result in a substantial economic burden as a result of drug costs, hospitalizations, surgery and other healthcare resources. This cost is compounded by the humanistic burden and effect on quality of life associated with lifestyle modifying adverse events. ❖ Angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) have become established as a major class of antihypertensive on the basis of their powerful effects on blood pressure (BP), excellent to liability and Pleiotropic end-organ-protective effects. However, individual ARBs vary in antihypertensive efficacy, which may be important to clinical outcome. It is well established that achieving ambitious BP target improves long-term clinical outcomes in the management of hypertension. ❖ The present study was to compare the effect of efficacy of losartan potassium and Telmisartan, both are belongs to the above mentioned classes of angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) of the above Losartan Potassium is the prototype and a Telmisartan is a newly introduced ARB AIM OF THE STUDY: The aim of the present study was to compare the efficacy of Losartan potassium 50mg Vs Telmisartan 40 mg in patients with hypertension. OBJECTIVE: PRIMARY 1. To compare the efficacy of Losartan potassium 50mg Vs 40 mg. 2. To assess the mean change in Systolic Blood Pressure (SBP) and Diastolic Blood Pressure (DBP) with Losartan Potassium and Telmisartan in a treatment period of three months. SECONDARY: To assess the mean changes in Fasting blood sugar (FBS) and post Pradinal blood sugar (PPBS). METHODOLOGY: Study site: Krishnagiri Head Quarters& Hospital, Krishnagiri. Study design: Prospective observational study. Duration of study: 3 months. Dosage: Losartan potassium 50 mg. ◉ A total of 60 patients were enrolled in the treatment ◉ A prospective and observational study was carried out to compare efficacy of losartan potassium vs. telmisartan 40 mg in patients with hypertension. ◉ The selected patients were divided into two groups. GROUP A, GROUP B. ◉ Group A (30 patients) were to be treated with losartan potassium 50 mg ◉ Group B (30 patients) were to be treated with telmisartan 40 mg. STUDY CRITERIA: INCLUSION CRITERIA: ◉ Patients aged between 30 - 59 years. ◉ Patients who is having sustained Diastolic blood pressure > 90 mm Hg accompanied by elevated systolic blood pressure >140 mm Hg. ◉ Patients who agreed with prescribed consent form. EXCLUSION CRITERIA: Patients with secondary hypertension. ◉ Patient who having other medicines with known effects on blood pressure. CONCLUSION: In this present prospective observation study, treatment of hypertension with two study drug Losartan potassium 50 mg and Telmisartan 40 mg were carried out in a population of 60 patients. They were instructed to follow a healthy diet with proper exercise. ❖ After 3 months study it is observed that both of the study drugs have good impact on Blood pressure lowering. But the Telmisartan 40mg showed superior reduction in blood pressure when compare to losartan potassium 50 mg ❖ The second objective of the study i.e.; effect of study drugs Losartan Potassium 50 mg and Telmisartan 40 mg in blood sugar levels of population on diabetic therapy. The FBS and PPBS where parameters observed for the study, there was reductions in FBS and PPBS values in both GROUP A GROUP B. And it is observed that the reduction is higher in group B when compare with GROUP A. It can be suggested that the partial PPAR gamma agonist activity of Telmisartan accounts for the higher reduction in blood sugar levels

Correlates of Job Stress and Job Involvement among the Employees of Private Industries Limited, Tiruchirapalli District

The term ‘Job Involvement’ is an indicator of how much an employee is involved in his/her job. For an organization, it is important that all its employees are highly involved in their jobs, that is, they should have high level of job involvement. Job involvement appears to be a construct that follows directly from the way individuals are affected by their immediate work environment and interpersonal relationships. Job stress comes in different forms and affects the mind and body in different ways. Major stress comes from having too much or not enough work or doing work that doesn't satisfy the person. Conflicts with the boss, coworkers, or customers are other major causes of stress. Psychological strain is often due to the culture and management style adopted within an organization. The main aim of the study is to study the correlation of Job Stress and Job Involvement among the Employees at Private Sectors in Tiruchirappalli District. In this study the researcher attempts to describe the various characteristics of job involvement and job stress and to measure its associates with the related socio-demographic variable and hence the researcher has adopted descriptive research design. The researcher adopted simple random sampling method to collect the samples. The universe of the study is 210 and out of which 157 were selected as respondents using lottery method.The researcher adopted standardized scale developed by Linkers (1998) to evaluate the stress level and to measure the level of job involvement, the researcher used the standardized tool developed by Agarval (1972). The data was analyzed and the finding reveals that more than half 51.6 percent of the respondents have low level of job involvement and less than half 48.4 percent of the respondents have high level of Job Involvement. The overall Job stress more than half 57.3 percent of the respondents have low level of job stress and less than half 42.7 percent of the respondents have high level of Job stress. The researcher suggest that Management has to involve the union at the highest levels as an equal partner from planning, through implementation, and evaluation of employee Involvement. In order to reduce the stress the management need to aarrange work properly, and improve or simplify the work process to avoid long hours of monotonous and repetitive work. Keywords: Job Involvement, Job Stress, Job Autonomy, Job Motivation, Job Commitment

Designing a Biosensor Using a Photonic Quasi-Crystal Fiber with Fan-shaped Analyte Channel

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